
Key Takeaways
- More than 90% of urinary tract cancers are urothelial carcinomas arising from transitional cells lining the urinary system.
- Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for bladder cancer, significantly increasing risk compared to nonsmokers.
- Hematuria (blood in the urine) is the most common warning sign and requires prompt medical evaluation.
- Treatment varies by stage and type, ranging from endoscopic tumor removal to intravesical therapy, radical surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
- Recurrence rates are high in certain bladder cancers, making long-term surveillance such as regular cystoscopy essential.


