Key Takeaways
- Sequence risk occurs when market downturns and portfolio withdrawals overlap, reducing long-term retirement income.
- Market declines early in retirement are especially harmful because retirees must sell investments at low valuations.
- Shifting toward cash and short-term bonds can reduce volatility and provide liquidity during periods of market stress.
- Adjusting spending and withdrawal rates during downturns helps preserve principal and improves long-term outcomes.
- Longer retirements heighten sequence risk, making structured withdrawal planning essential for lifetime income stability.





